The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of Public Health Emergency funding (PHE funding) on Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) by 1) comparing CAH profitability before the COVID-19 pandemic (six years before April 2020) to during the pandemic (April 2020 – March 2022), and; 2) estimating what profitability would have been if PHE funding had not been provided to CAHs. Study findings illustrate the importance of federal funding to CAHs that often are the sole providers of care in their rural communities.